By special request and with apologies to David Letterman, here's
some "Top
10" lists I came up with for choosing between steppers and
brush DC
servos.
Top Ten Stepper Advantages:
1) Stable. Can drive a wide
range of frictional and inertial loads.
2) Needs no feedback. The motor is
also the position transducer.
3) Inexpensive relative to other motion control
systems.
4) Standardized frame size and performance.
5) Plug and play.
Easy to setup and use.
6) Safe. If anything breaks, the motor stops.
7)
Long life. Bearings are the only wear-out mechanism.
8) Excellent low speed
torque. Can drive many loads without gearing.
9) Excellent repeatability.
Returns to the same location accurately.
10) Overload safe. Motor cannot be
damaged by mechanical overload.
Top Ten DC Servo Advantages:
1)
High output power relative to motor size and weight.
2) Encoder determines
accuracy and resolution.
3) High efficiency. Can approach 90% at light
loads.
4) High torque to inertia ratio. Can rapidly accelerate loads.
5)
Has "reserve" power. 2-3 times continuous power for short periods.
6) Has
"reserve" torque. 5-10 times rated torque for short periods.
7) Motor stays
cool. Current draw proportional to load.
8) Usable high speed torque.
Maintains rated torque to 90% of NL RPM
9) Audibly quiet at high
speeds.
10) Resonance and vibration free operation.
Top Ten Stepper
Disadvantages:
1) Low efficiency. Motor draws substantial power
regardless of load.
2) Torque drops rapidly with speed (torque is the inverse
of speed).
3) Low accuracy. 1:200 at full load, 1:2000 at light loads.
4)
Prone to resonances. Requires microstepping to move smoothly.
5) No feedback
to indicate missed steps.
6) Low torque to inertia ratio. Cannot accelerate
loads very rapidly.
7) Motor gets very hot in high performance
configurations.
8) Motor will not "pick up" after momentary overload.
9)
Motor is audibly very noisy at moderate to high speeds.
10) Low output power
for size and weight.
Top Ten DC Servo Disadvantages:
1) Requires
"tuning" to stabilize feedback loop.
2) Motor "runs away" when something
breaks. Safety circuits required.
3) Complex. Requires encoder.
4) Brush
wearout limits life to 2,000 hrs. Service is then required.
5) Peak torque is
limited to a 1% duty cycle.
6) Motor can be damaged by sustained
overload.
7) Bewildering choice of motors, encoders, servodrives.
8) Power
supply current 10 times average to use peak torque. See (5).
9) Motor
develops peak power at higher speeds. Gearing often required.
10) Poor motor
cooling. Ventilated motors are easily contaminated.
Mariss